A Timeline of Major Events from the Big Bang to Modern-Day India
1. The Big Bang Theory: The current scientific explanation for the origin of the universe, states that the universe began as a singularity approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
2. Formation of the first atoms: Approximately 380,000 years
after the Big Bang, the universe had cooled enough for hydrogen and helium
atoms to form.
3. Recombination: Approximately 300,000 years after the Big
Bang, electrons and protons combined to form neutral hydrogen atoms. This
allowed light to travel freely through space for the first time, a period known
as the "Cosmic Dawn."
4. Formation of the first stars: Approximately 100 million
years after the Big Bang, the first stars began to form from the clouds of gas
and dust that had accumulated in the universe.
5. Formation of the first galaxies: Approximately 1 billion
years after the Big Bang, the first galaxies began to form as the universe
continued to expand and cool.
6. The Epoch of Reionization: Approximately 400 million
years after the Big Bang, the first galaxies produced enough ultraviolet
radiation to reionize the neutral hydrogen in the universe.
7. Formation of the Milky Way: Approximately 13.5 billion
years ago, the Milky Way galaxy began to form from the collapse of a giant
cloud of gas and dust.
8. Formation of the Solar System: Approximately 4.6 billion
years ago, the Solar System formed from the collapse of a cloud of gas and dust
around the young sun.
9. Formation of the Earth: Approximately 4.5 billion years
ago, the Earth formed from the accretion of dust and gas in the Solar System.
10. Appearance of Life on Earth: Approximately 3.5 billion
years ago, the first signs of life appeared on Earth in the form of simple
single-celled organisms.
11. Evolution of complex organisms: Approximately 600
million years ago, the first multicellular organisms appeared on Earth, leading
to the evolution of a diversity of life forms.
12. Evolution of Humans: Approximately 2 million years ago,
the first humans appeared on Earth.
13. Indus Valley Civilization: 3300-1300 BCE, The Indus
Valley Civilization which was located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India
was one of the earliest and most advanced ancient civilizations.
14. Vedic Period: 1500-500 BCE, The Vedic Period was
characterized by the composition of the Vedas, a collection of religious texts
which form the basis of Hinduism.
15. Mahajanapadas: 600-300 BCE, The Mahajanapadas were the
sixteen kingdoms and republics of ancient India during the time of Gautama
Buddha and Mahavira.
16. Maurya Empire: 321-185 BCE, The Maurya Empire was the
largest empire in the Indian subcontinent and was founded by Chandragupta
Maurya.
17. Gupta Empire: 320-550 CE, The Gupta Empire was an
ancient Indian empire which was known for its achievements in science,
technology, engineering, art, literature, and philosophy.
18. Islamic Invasion and Mughal Empire: 1206-1858 CE, The
Islamic Invasion and Mughal Empire marked a significant change in Indian
history with the arrival of Islamic rulers, who brought new cultures, customs,
and traditions.
19. British Raj: 1858-1947 CE, The British Raj was the
British rule in India, which lasted for nearly 90 years.
20. Indian Independence: On 15 August 1947, India became independent from British rule.
Here is a brief timeline of 15 major events that occurred after the independence of India in 1947:
1948: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated
1950: The Indian Constitution is adopted on 26th January
1962: India-China war over a border dispute
1965: India-Pakistan war over Kashmir
1971: East Pakistan declares independence from West Pakistan
1974: India conducts its first nuclear test, "Smiling Buddha", joining the nuclear club.
1975: State of emergency declared by Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi
1984: Indian army storms the Golden Temple
1991: Economic liberalization measures implemented
1998: India conducts nuclear weapon tests
1999: India-Pakistan war in Kargil
2008: Terrorist attacks in Mumbai
2019: Revocation of autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir
2020: India-China border clash at LAC and Covid-19